Tanhuma Hayyei Sarah 1

...Rabbi Yochanan said, this (previous discussion) says that one who prays must have his mind settled upon him (daato meyushevet alav) and then pray before the KBH. Abba Shaul says, if a person directed his mind (kiven daato) in prayer, he should be confident that his prayer will be heard, as it is said, 'tachin libam takshiv oznecha - "Thou wilt direct their heart, Thou wilt cause Thine ear to ttend;" (Psalms 10:17). And there is no one who directed his heart and his mind to prayer as our fatehr Abraham, who said before the KBH, "That be far from Thee to do after this manner, [to slay the righteous with the wicked, that so the righteous should be as the wicked; that be far from Thee; shall not the Judge of all the earth do justly?'] " (Gen. 18:25) (Q1) Once the KBH saw that he was requesting merit so as not to destroyt the worl, He began praising him, and He said to him "Thou art fairer than the children of men, etc." (Ps 45:3) He (Abe) said to Him, this fairness is not mine. My son and I enter a city and people do not distinguish between father and son. Because [in those days] a person would live 120 years and would not age. Abraham said, "Master of the Universe, You must differentiate between young and old, so that the elder can be honored in the young." (Q2) The KBH said to him, 'by your life, I will start with you.' [Abraham] went and slept on that night, and got up in the morning. When he got up, he saw that the hair of his head and his beard had gotten white. (Q3) He said before Him, "Master of the Universe, you have made me a dugma (example, or extraordinary thing?)." He said to him, 'a crown of glory (tiferet) is white hair (Prov. 17) and the glory (hadar) of elders is white hair (Prov. 20)." Therefore it is said (Gen 24:1), "And Abraham was old." (Q4)

Q1 - but Abraham didn't get what he prayed for - sedom was destroyed!

Q2 - Is the resolution later a punishment - ie, should Avraham not have said this? (sought his own kavod?) Seems God makes and example of him, kiterally, only then tries to console him. OR, alternatively, the pesukim from mishlei indicate the GOd agrees with Avraham that old people should have a special distinguishing characteristic.

Q3 - It can't be a conincidence that Avraham's hair turned white for the first time as sedom and amorah were being overturned. What does that mean about his connection to them? (and is the connection specific to Avraham b/c he prayed for them, or general to anyone who witnesses destruction?)

Q4 - this pasuk is much later. what does it add?